Bus-based system

A bus-based system typically consists of two to four wires forming a bus loop, with all detectors connected in parallel across this loop; each detector is assigned its own unique address code, enabling the controller to access each detector based on distinct address signals. Bus-based systems require fewer wires, offer convenient installation, and provide strong scalability; they can easily integrate other devices via input/output modules, and their expansion process is straightforward—often without requiring modifications to the controller’s architecture—which is why they are widely adopted. However, bus-based systems have relatively lower reliability: if one detector fails, it may affect all subsequent nodes, and interoperability between products from different manufacturers is limited. Bus-based systems are particularly suitable for applications where there are a large number of detectors, they are concentrated in specific locations, and they are situated at considerable distances from the controller.